Caracterización del cáncer vesical en adultos según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas / Characterization of bladder cancer in adults according to clinical and epidemiological variables

Introducción: El cáncer de la vejiga es uno de los más frecuentes del tracto urinario y se manifiesta de dos formas: como tumor superficial de bajo grado o como neoplasia invasora de alto grado. Objetivo: Caracterizar el cáncer vesical en adultos, según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y de servicio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo, para caracterizar el cáncer vesical en adultos, según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y de servicio de los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Urología del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico «Arnaldo Milián Castro» en el periodo comprendido de octubre 2019 y 2022. Población del estudio: 242 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical corresponden al año 2019 (45,86 %): masculinos (75,20 %); blancos (89,25 %); mayores de 70 o más años (64,46 %) y fumadores (95,45 %). La hematuria fue el síntoma principal (91,73 %), como expresión del carcinoma urotelial papilar de bajo grado (36,77 %). Tratamiento: la resección transuretral (88,01 %), sin metástasis a distancia (88,42 %). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical corresponden al año 2019, masculinos, blancos, mayores de 70 o más años, fumadores y con hematuria. Más frecuente: el carcinoma urotelial papilar de bajo grado. El tiempo trascurrido antes del diagnóstico de la enfermedad fue de 36-40 días, y un mes, el tiempo trascurrido antes del tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Introduction: bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancers of the urinary tract and manifests itself in two ways: as a superficial low-grade tumor or as a high-grade invasive neoplasm. Objective: to characterize bladder cancer in adults according to clinical, epidemiological and service variables. Methods: a descriptive and retrospective observational study was carried out to characterize bladder cancer in adults according to clinical, epidemiological and service variables of patients treated in the Urology service at "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital from October 2019 and 2022. The study population was 242 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. Results: most of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer correspond to the year 2019 (45.86%): male (75.20%); whites (89.25%); older than 70 or more years (64.46%) and smokers (95.45%). Hematuria was the main symptom (91.73%), as an expression of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (36.77%). The treatment was transurethral resection (88.01%), without distant metastasis (88.42%). Conclusions: most of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer correspond to the year 2019, male, whites, older than 70 years or older, smokers and with hematuria. Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma was the most frequent cancer. The time elapsed before the diagnosis of the disease was 36-40 days, and the time elapsed before the treatment of the disease was 1 month.

Cateterismo urinário e as técnicas para prevenção de hematúria: revisão integrativa / Cateterismo urinario y las técnicas para prevención de hematuria: revisión integradora / Urinary catheterization and techniques for preventing hematuria: integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar e sintetizar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre o cateterismo urinário e as técnicas utilizadas para prevenir a hematúria no esvaziamento da bexiga, na retenção urinária aguda e crônica, em adultos e idosos. Métodos Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, LILACS, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science e Scopus; e busca manual nas listas de referências dos estudos incluídos. Um período ilimitado foi usado para revisar estudos em português, inglês, francês, alemão e espanhol. Aplicado estratégia PICOS na elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa e instrumento Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para avaliar qualidade metodológica dos estudos. Resultados Foram incluídos 11 estudos, com um total de 659 pacientes. A retenção urinária ocorreu principalmente em homens, tendo como principal causa a hiperplasia prostática benigna. As técnicas utilizadas para descompressão vesical, por cateterismo urinário, foram a descompressão rápida e a gradual, sendo as principais complicações, independente da técnica, hematúria e hipotensão. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa entre as duas técnicas quanto ao desfecho prevenção da hematúria. Conclusão O esvaziamento gradual da bexiga não previne a hematúria em comparação com o esvaziamento rápido e completo. Mas os estudos, principalmente os relatos de casos, descrevem quadros clínicos que merecem atenção diante da ocorrência de hematúria após cateterismo urinário e as implicações no tratamento dos pacientes. Destaca a importância da enfermagem na identificação e prevenção do diagnóstico de Retenção Urinária, a fim de evitar intervenções posteriores e complicações clínicas, inclusive hematúria pós-cateterismo.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar y sintetizar las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre el cateterismo urinario y las técnicas utilizadas para prevenir la hematuria en el vaciado de la vejiga, en la retención urinaria aguda y crónica en adultos y personas mayores. Métodos Revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos Pubmed, LILACS, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science y Scopus y búsqueda manual en las listas de referencias de los estudios incluidos. Se utilizó un período ilimitado para revisar estudios en portugués, inglés, francés, alemán y español. Se aplicó la estrategia PICOS en la elaboración de la pregunta de investigación y el instrumento Joanna Briggs Institute (JIB) para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados Se incluyeron 11 estudios con un total de 659 pacientes. La retención urinaria ocurrió principalmente en hombres, principalmente a causa de la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Las técnicas utilizadas para la descompresión vesical por cateterismo urinario fueron la descompresión rápida y la gradual, y las principales complicaciones, independientemente de la técnica, fueron hematuria e hipotensión. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencia significativa entre las dos técnicas respecto al resultado de prevención de la hematuria. Conclusión El vaciado gradual de la vejiga no previene la hematuria en comparación con el vaciado rápido y completo. Sin embargo, los estudios, principalmente los relatos de casos, describen cuadros clínicos que necesitan atención ante los episodios de hematuria después del cateterismo urinario y las consecuencias en el tratamiento de los pacientes. Se destaca la importancia de la enfermería en la identificación y prevención del diagnóstico de retención urinaria, a fin de evitar intervenciones posteriores y complicaciones clínicas, inclusive hematuria poscateterismo.

Abstract Objective Analyze and synthesize the available scientific evidence on urinary catheterization and techniques used to prevent hematuria in bladder emptying and acute and chronic urinary retention in adults and the elderly. Methods This integrative review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Hand searching was used in the reference lists of included studies. An unlimited period was used to review the studies published in Portuguese, English, French, German, and Spanish. The PICOS strategy was applied to develop the research question and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of studies. Results Eleven studies were included, with a total of 659 patients. Urinary retention occurred mainly in men and the main cause was benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rapid and gradual decompressions were the techniques used for bladder decompression by urinary catheterization, and hematuria and hypotension were the main complications regardless of the technique. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two techniques in terms of the outcome of hematuria prevention. Conclusion Gradual bladder emptying does not prevent hematuria compared to rapid and complete emptying. Case reports describe clinical conditions that deserve attention when hematuria occurs after urinary catheterization and the respective implications in the treatment of patients. We highlight the importance of nursing in identifying and preventing the diagnosis of Urinary Retention to avoid subsequent interventions and clinical complications, including post-catheterization hematuria.

Desenvolvimento da Intervenção de Enfermagem "Ultrassonografia: bexiga" segundo a Nursing Interventions Classification / Desarrollo de la intervención de enfermería "ecografía de vejiga" de acuerdo con la Nursing Interventions Classification / Development of the "Ultrasound: bladder" nursing intervention according to the Nursing Interventions Classification

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver uma intervenção de enfermagem com o uso de ultrassonografia de bexiga segundo a Nursing Interventions Classification. Métodos Estudo metodológico em duas etapas: revisão integrativa de literatura e desenvolvimento da intervenção. Para etapa da revisão integrativa de literatura foram investigadas quatro bases de dados (PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e SCOPUS), incluindo estudos de acesso gratuito e disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, sem delimitação temporal. Na etapa de desenvolvimento da intervenção, foram seguidas as Diretrizes para Submissão de uma Intervenção à Nursing Interventions Classification Nova ou Revisada. Resultados Na revisão integrativa de literatura foram encontrados 328 estudos primários nas bases de dados, sendo incluídos 17 na análise final. Destacaram-se estudos com delineamento descritivo, sendo prevalente o nível de evidência VI. Os achados possibilitaram desenvolver cada um dos componentes da intervenção de enfermagem (Título, Definição, 17 atividades, Nível de Formação e o Tempo Estimado para realização). Conclusão A Intervenção de Enfermagem intitulada "Ultrassonografia: bexiga" foi desenvolvida, submetida ao Comitê Editorial da Nursing Interventions Classification e aceita para publicação na oitava edição da Classificação.

Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar una intervención de enfermería con el uso de ecografía de vejiga de acuerdo con la Nursing Interventions Classification. Métodos Estudio metodológico en dos etapas: revisión integradora de la literatura y desarrollo de la intervención. Para la etapa de revisión integradora de la literatura se investigó en cuatro bases de datos (PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS y SCOPUS), con la inclusión de estudios de acceso gratuito y disponibles con texto completo, en idioma inglés, portugués y español, sin límite temporal. En la etapa de desarrollo de la intervención, se siguieron las directrices para el envío de una intervención a Nursing Interventions Classification Nueva o Revisada. Resultados En la revisión integradora de la literatura, se encontraron 328 estudios primarios en las bases de datos, de los cuales se incluyeron 17 en el análisis final. Se destacaron los estudios con diseño descriptivo, con prevalencia de nivel de evidencia VI. Los resultados permitieron desarrollar cada uno de los componentes de la intervención de enfermería (título, definición, 17 actividades, nivel de formación y tiempo estimado para la realización). Conclusión La intervención de enfermería titulada "Ecografía: vejiga" fue desarrollada, enviada al Comité Editorial de la Nursing Interventions Classification y aprobada para publicar en la octava edición de la Clasificación.

Abstract Objective To develop a nursing intervention using bladder ultrasound according to the Nursing Interventions Classification. Methods This is a methodological study in two steps: integrative literature review and intervention development. For the integrative literature review step, four databases were investigated (PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and Scopus), including free access studies available in full, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, without time limits. In the intervention development step, the Guidelines for Submission of a New or Revised Nursing Interventions Classification Intervention were followed. Results In the integrative literature review, 328 primary studies were found in the databases, 17 of which were included in the final analysis. Studies with a descriptive design stood out, with level of evidence VI being prevalent. The findings made it possible to develop each component of the nursing intervention (title, definition, 17 activities, level of training and estimated time for completion). Conclusion The nursing intervention entitled "Ultrasound: bladder" was developed, submitted the Nursing Interventions Classification Editorial Committee and accepted for publication in the 8th edition of the Classification.

Factores de riesgo asociados al cáncer vesical en pacientes adultos / Risk factors associated with bladder cancer in adult patients

Introducción: El cáncer vesical es una enfermedad que afecta, generalmente, a pacientes masculinos de la tercera edad. Este tumor tiene dos formas principales de manifestarse: como tumor superficial y de bajo grado, o como neoplasia invasora de alto grado. La mayoría de los pacientes afectados con esta enfermedad presentan como factor de riesgo, el consumo de tabaco. Objetivo: Contribuir al conocimiento de la comunidad científica en lo relativo a los factores de riesgo y al síntoma principal asociados al cáncer vesical en pacientes adultos de la tercera edad. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre el tema en las bases de datos: SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, PubMed, y en revistas de Urología. Los artículos fueron publicados en idioma español o inglés. Se realizó un análisis del contenido para lograr la actualización teórica del tema. Conclusiones: El cáncer vesical es una enfermedad multifocal que provoca la aparición de varias neoformaciones dentro del epitelio transicional, en toda su extensión. La presencia de hematuria asintomática en los pacientes adultos fue la causa más común de consulta con el urólogo. Dentro de los factores de riesgo, el principal fue el consumo de tabaco.

Introduction: bladder cancer is a disease that generally affects elderly male patients. This tumour has two main forms of manifestation: as a low-grade superficial tumor or as a high-grade invasive neoplasm. Most of the patients affected with this disease have tobacco consumption as a risk factor. Objective: to contribute to the knowledge of the scientific community in relation to the risk factors associated with bladder cancer in elderly patients. Methods: a systematic review on the subject was carried out in SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus and PubMed databases as well as in Urology journals. Articles published in Spanish or English languages were taken into account. A content analysis was conducted to achieve a theoretical update on this topic. Conclusions: bladder cancer is a multifocal disease that causes the appearance of several neoformations within the transitional epithelium and throughout its entire length. The presence of asymptomatic hematuria in adult patients was the most common reason for consultation with the urologist. The main risk factor was tobacco consumption.

Dynamic and static ultrasound features predictive of vesicoureteral reflux and renal damage in children and adolescents with neurogenic bladder

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. Results: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. Conclusion: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.

Urological knowledge and tools applied to diagnosis and surgery in deep infiltrating endometriosis - a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objectives: This review discusses deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) diagnosis and surgery using current urological knowledge and technologies. Materials and Methods: Narrative review of deep infiltrating endometriosis that result in urological issues. We examined manuscripts from Pubmed, Embase, and Scielo's database using the following MeSH terms: ('endometriosis') AND ('urology' OR 'urological' OR 'urologist') AND ('bladder' OR'vesical') AND ('ureteral' OR 'ureter'). Selection followed PRISMA guidelines. Sample images from our records were brought to endorse the findings. Results: Thirty four related articles were chosen from 105. DIE may affect the urinary system in 52.6% of patients. Lower urinary tract symptoms may require urodynamic examination. Ultrasonography offers strong statistical yields for detecting urinary tract lesions or distortions, but magnetic resonance will confirm the diagnosis. Cystoscopy can detect active lesions, although any macroscopic visual appeal is pathognomonic. Endourology is utilized intraoperatively for bladder and ureteral assessment, however transurethral endoscopic excision of bladder lesions had higher recurrence rates. Laparoscopy is the route of choice for treatment; partial cystectomy, and bladder shaving were the most prevalent surgical treatments for bladder endometriosis. Regarding the ureteral treatment, the simple ureterolysis and complex reconstructive techniques were described in most papers. Using anatomical landmarks or neuronavigation, pelvic surgical systematization allows intraoperative neural structure identification. Conclusions: DIE in the urinary system is common, however the number of publications with high level of evidence is limited. The initial tools for diagnosis are ultrasonography and cystoscopy, but magnetic resonance is the most reliable tool. When the patient has voiding symptoms, the urodynamic examination is crucial. Laparoscopy improves lesion detection and anatomical understanding. This approach must be carried out by professionals with high expertise, since the surgery goes beyond the resection of lesions and includes the preservation of nerve structures and urinary tract reconstruction techniques.

Comparative assessment of efficacy and safety of approved oral therapies for overactive bladder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of marketed oral drugs for overactive bladder based on a systematic review and network meta-analysis approach. Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials databases were systematically searched. The search time frame was from database creation to June 2, 2022. Randomized controlled double-blind trials of oral medication for overactive bladder were screened against the protocol's entry criteria. Trials were evaluated for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, and data were statistically analyzed using Stata 16.0 software. Result: A total of 60 randomized controlled double-blind clinical trials were included involving 50,333 subjects. Solifenacin 10mg was the most effective in mean daily micturitions and incontinence episodes, solifenacin 5/10mg in mean daily urinary urgency episodes and nocturia episodes, fesoterodine 8mg in urgency incontinence episodes/d and oxybutynin 5mg in voided volume/micturition. In terms of safety, solifenacin 5mg, ER-tolterodine 4mg, mirabegron, vibegron and ER-oxybutynin 10mg all showed a better incidence of dry mouth, fesoterodine 4mg, ER-oxybutynin 10mg, tolterodine 2mg, and vibegron in the incidence of constipation. Compared to placebo, imidafenacin 0.1mg showed a significantly increased incidence in hypertension, solifenacin 10mg in urinary tract infection, fesoterodine 4/8mg and darifenacin 15mg in headache. Conclusion: Solifenacin showed better efficacy. For safety, most anticholinergic drugs were more likely to cause dry mouth and constipation, lower doses were better tolerated. The choice of drugs should be tailored to the patient's specific situation to find the best balance between efficacy and safety.

Effects of different combinations of radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision procedures for upper tract urothelial carcinoma on bladder recurrence

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the effects of different combinations of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and bladder cuff excision (BCE) surgical procedures on intravesical recurrence (IVR) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study included 452 patients who underwent RNU with BCE for UTUC between January 2010 and December 2020. The patients were classified into three groups based on different combinations of RNU and BCE surgical procedures: open RNU with open BCE (group 1, n=104), minimally invasive (MIS) RNU with open BCE (group 2, n=196), and MIS RNU with intracorporeal BCE (group 3, n=152). Data on demographics, body mass index, history, preoperative renal function, perioperative status, tumor characteristics, histopathology, and recurrence conditions were collected. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the impact of the surgical procedures on IVR. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: After a median follow-up of 29.5 months, the IVR rate was 29.6% and the IVR-free survival rate was the lowest in group 2 (group 1 vs. group 2 vs. group 3: 69.0% vs. 55.1% vs. 67.5%; log-rank P=0.048). The overall survival rate was comparable among the three groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that group 2 had a significantly higher risk of IVR than group 1 (hazard ratio=1.949, 95% confidence interval=1.082-3.511, P=0.026), while groups 1 and 3 had similar risks. Conclusions: For patients with UTUC, MIS RNU with open BCE is associated with a higher risk of IVR than open RNU with open BCE and MIS RNU with intracorporeal BCE.

Urinary retention after lipoabdominoplasty: case report / Retenção urinária após lipoabdominoplastia: relato de caso

Introduction: Postoperative urinary retention may predispose to permanent bladder damage. Risk factors include type of anesthesia, type of surgery, and use of anticholinergics, analgesics, and opioids. Once the lesion is established, complementary urodynamic tests are essential for etiological diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study is to report a case of a patient with urinary retention in the postoperative period of lipoabdominoplasty. Case Report: 27-year-old female patient, without comorbidities or use of continuous medication. She underwent lipoabdominoplasty and evolved postoperatively with urinary retention and bladder distention, diagnosed as detrusor contractility and sensitivity deficit in the urodynamic study. She was maintained in outpatient follow-up with the surgical team and Urology, with a progressive reduction in urinary catheter use and complete removal in eight months of follow-up. Discussion: The objective of aesthetic plastic surgery is to improve the physical appearance of the body. It is subject to complications like other surgical procedures, and pain seems to be the most frequent. Urinary retention may be secondary to the use of opioids, and its diagnosis in the postoperative period of lipoabdominoplasty still has some obstacles. Plication of the rectus muscle diastasis, liposuction, and the use of a compressive abdominal belt make it difficult to identify a possible bladder distention. An episode of bladder overdistention can result in significant morbidity. Conclusion: The present report demonstrated the good evolution of a patient who developed urinary retention in the postoperative period of lipoabdominoplasty. The main diagnostic hypothesis was that it was secondary to the use of opioids.

Introdução: A retenção urinária pós-operatória pode predispor a danos permanentes à bexiga. Os fatores de risco incluem tipo de anestesia, tipo de cirurgia e uso anticolinérgicos, analgésicos e opioides. Uma vez que a lesão está estabelecida, os exames complementares urodinâmicos são fundamentais para diagnóstico etiológico e tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar caso de paciente com quadro de retenção urinária no pós-operatório de lipoabdominoplastia. Relato de Caso: Paciente de 27 anos, sexo feminino, sem comorbidades ou uso de medicamentos contínuos. Foi submetida a lipoabdominoplastia, e evoluiu no pós-operatório com quadro de retenção urinária e bexigoma, diagnosticada como acontratilidade detrusora e déficit de sensibilidade no estudo urodinâmico. Manteve acompanhamento ambulatorial com a equipe cirúrgica e a Urologia, com redução progressiva do uso do cateter vesical e retirada completa em oito meses de seguimento. Discussão: O objetivo da cirurgia plástica estética é melhorar o aspecto físico do corpo. Como os demais procedimentos cirúrgicos, está sujeita a complicações e a dor parece ser a mais frequente. A retenção urinária pode ser secundária ao uso de opioides e seu diagnóstico no pós-operatório da lipoabdominoplastia ainda possui alguns obstáculos. A plicatura da diástase do músculo reto, a lipoaspiração e o uso de cinta abdominal compressiva dificultam a identificação do possível bexigoma. Um episódio de hiperdistensão da bexiga pode resultar em morbidade significativa. Conclusão: O presente relato demonstrou boa evolução de paciente que desenvolveu retenção urinária no pós-operatório de lipoabdominoplastia. A principal hipótese diagnóstica foi de ser secundária ao uso de opioide.

Perioperative mortality for radical cystectomy in the modern Era: experience from a tertiary referral center

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the perioperative mortality and contributing variables among patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer in recent decades, with comparison between modern (after 2010) and premodern (before 2010) eras. Materials and Methods Using our institutional review board-approved database, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent RC for primary urothelial bladder carcinoma with curative intent from January 2003 to December 2019. The primary and secondary outcomes were 90- and 30-day mortality. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the impact of perioperative variables on 90-day mortality. Results A total of 2047 patients with a mean±SD age of 69.6±10.6 years were included. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 1.3% and 4.9%, respectively, and consistent during the past two decades. Among 100 deaths within 90 days, 18 occurred during index hospitalization. Infectious, pulmonary, and cardiac complications were the leading mortality causes. Multivariable analysis showed that age (Odds Ratio: OR 1.05), Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2 (OR 1.82), blood transfusion (OR 1.95), and pathological node disease (OR 2.85) were independently associated with 90-day mortality. Nevertheless, the surgical approach and enhanced recovery protocols had no significant effect on 90-day mortality. Conclusion The 90-day mortality for RC is approaching five percent, with infectious, pulmonary, and cardiac complications as the leading mortality causes. Older age, higher comorbidity, blood transfusion, and pathological lymph node involvement are independently associated with 90-day mortality.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con vejiga neurogénica en la Unidad Técnica de Cirugía Pediátrica / Diagnosis and treatment of patients with Neurogenic bladder in the Surgery Technical Unit Pediatric

El presente trabajo toma como base el documento: "Manejo Urológico del Mielomeningocele" de las Guías de Atención Pediátrica, del Hospital De Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan" de la ciudad de Buenos Aires - Argentina; de los autores: Dra. Carol Burek y Dra. Liliana Campmany. En la Unidad Técnica de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, se atienden por mes unos 50 a 70 pacientes afectos de vejiga neurogénica desde el nacimiento hasta la adolescencia. Es una enfermedad crónica que requiere un diagnóstico correcto con estudios de imagen y función de la vía urinaria además de un posterior manejo diario por parte de los padres con la guía del médico especialista.

This work is based on the document: "Urological Management of Myelomeningocele" from the Pediatric Care Guidelines of the Hospital De Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan" of the city of Buenos Aires - Argentina; by the authors: Dr. Carol Burek and Dr. Liliana Campmany. In the Pediatric Surgery Technical Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, 50 to 70 patients affected by neurogenic bladder from birth to adolescence are treated every month. It is a chronic disease that requires a correct diagnosis with imaging and urinary tract function studies, as well as subsequent daily management by the parents under the guidance of the specialist.

Dynamic cystoscopy to optimize preoperative assessment of bladder endometriosis

ABSTRACT Purpose Bladder endometriosis (BE) accounts for 84% of cases of urinary tract involvement. The use of cystoscopy for preoperative evaluation is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative dynamic cystoscopy (DC) in patients undergoing surgery for deep endometriosis and to describe the main findings and their impact on surgical planning. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January 2011 to March 2022. DC findings were divided into two groups according to the depth of involvement. To estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), laparoscopic findings of bladder involvement and histopathological report were used as the gold standard. Results We included 157 patients in this study. 41 had abnormalities in DC. Of these, 39 had abnormalities that were confirmed intraoperatively. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 58.21% and 97.78%, respectively. PPV was 95.12%, and NPV was 75.86%. The presence of any lesions in the DC had a diagnostic odds ratio (OR) of 61.28 for BE. Patients with BE type 2 had a higher rate of partial cystectomy than those with BE type 1 lesions (OR 9.72 CI 95% 1.9-49.1) Conclusion DC appears to be a highly specific test with lower sensitivity. DC abnormalities are associated with a higher ratio of bladder surgery for the treatment of deep endometriosis, and BE type 2 seems to be associated with a greater ratio (9.72) of partial cystectomy.

Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of the urinary bladder: A case report of a rare entity

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare, often multifocal, intermediate-grade vascular sarcoma arising from the endothelial cells. Their behavior is intermediate between hemangioma and conventional angiosarcoma. Their rarity and unpredictable clinical behavior result in our still limited understanding and treatment options for this variety of tumors. Molecular diagnostic tools like the presence of WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion have been developed to aid this challenging diagnosis. There is no definitive consensus on the management of patients with this disease and no commonly accepted treatment strategies have been found to be effective, particularly in the metastatic setting. When possible, surgery with clear margins should be considered in case of localized disease. Here, we not only present such a rare case of EHE of the urinary bladder but also provide a comprehensive discussion on the present treatment modalities offered, as found through a thorough search of the published studies. Finally, more studies are required to establish a standard of care for this rare entity

Validation of the Vancouver Symptom Score Questionnaire for bladder and bowel dysfunction for Brazilian children and adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to translate, and perform a cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) for bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) for Brazilian children and adolescents Materials and Methods: Six steps were performed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis of translations, (3) back-translation, (4) pre-final version of the translated instrument, (5) pilot test and degree of comprehensibility and (6) elaboration of the Brazilian version of the VSS. For validation, the Brazilian Dysfunctional Voiding Score (DVSS) questionnaire was used. Results: Validation was performed on a sample of 107 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.2 ± 2.84 years, presenting BBD and 107 without BBD (control group-CG). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93, p < 0.0001) between total VSS score and total DVSS score. VSS was higher in patients with BBD (p < 0.0001). The internal consistency estimated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 for patients with BBD. The VSS showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting cases, with an area under the ROC curve of 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p < 0.001). A cut-off value of >11 points produced a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%) and a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 85.1% to 95.6%). Conclusion: The translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated VSS for the Brazilian population is a reliable and valid tool to identify symptoms of BBD in children and adolescents aged five to 16 years, whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

Identification and validation of a novel prognostic model based on platinum resistance-related genes in bladder cancer

ABSTRACT Background: The depth of response to platinum in urothelial neoplasm tissues varies greatly. Biomarkers that have practical value in prognosis stratification are increasingly needed. Our study aimed to select a set of BC (bladder cancer)-related genes involved in both platinum resistance and survival, then use these genes to establish the prognostic model. Materials and Methods: Platinum resistance-related DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and tumorigenesis-related DEGs were identified. Ten most predictive co-DEGs were acquired followed by building a risk score model. Survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy. Combined with age and tumor stages, a nomogram was generated to create a graphical representation of survival rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year in BC patients. The prognostic performance was validated in three independent BC datasets with platinum-based chemotherapy. The potential mechanism was explored by enrichment analysis. Results: PPP2R2B, TSPAN7, ATAD3C, SYT15, SAPCD1, AKR1B1, TCHH, AKAP12, AGLN3, and IGF2 were selected for our prognostic model. Patients in high- and low-risk groups exhibited a significant survival difference with HR (hazard ratio) = 2.7 (p < 0.0001). The prognostic nomogram of predicting 3-year OS (overall survival) for BC patients could yield an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.819. In the external validation dataset, the risk score also has a robust predictive ability. Conclusion: A prognostic model derived from platinum resistance-related genes was constructed, we confirmed its value in predicting platinum-based chemotherapy benefits and overall survival for BC patients. The model might assist in therapeutic decisions for bladder malignancy.

Tratamiento del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva mediante estimulación transcutánea bilateral del nervio tibial posterior / Treatment of overactive bladder syndrome by bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar si la estimulación transcutánea bilateral del nervio tibial posterior disminuye los síntomas de la vejiga hiperactiva y mejora la calidad de vida. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte simple, retrospectivo, efectuado en pacientes atendidas en la clínica de Urología Ginecológica del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes en la Ciudad de México, del 8 de octubre de 2021 al 14 de julio de 2022 a quienes se aplicó terapia de electroestimulación bilateral transcutánea del nervio tibial posterior para tratar el síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva.Parámetros de estudio: severidad, calidad de vida y diario miccional en las sesiones 1, 6 y 12. Para la comparación al inicio y al final del tratamiento se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba de t pareada; la p < 0.05 se consideró estadísticamente significativa. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 25 pacientes: 23 con disminución del puntaje en el cuestionario de calidad de vida King's Health de 24.5 entre las sesiones 1 y 12 (p < 0.001). La disminución del puntaje de severidad de síntomas (Overactive Bladder Symptom Severity [OABSS]) fue de 16.6 entre las sesiones 1 y 12 (p < 0.001). Se observó mejoría significativa en todos los parámetros del diario miccional. CONCLUSIÓN: En esta muestra, la estimulación transcutánea bilateral del nervio tibial posterior disminuyó de manera importante los síntomas de vejiga hiperactiva y mejoró la calidad de vida.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine whether bilateral transcutaneous stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve reduces symptoms of overactive bladder and improves quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simple, retrospective, cohort study carried out in patients attended at the gynaecological urology clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes in Mexico City, from 8 October 2021 to 14 July 2022 to whom bilateral transcutaneous electrostimulation therapy of the posterior tibial nerve was applied to treat overactive bladder syndrome. Study parameters: severity, quality of life and voiding diary in sessions 1, 6 and 12. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used for comparison at baseline and at the end of treatment; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were studied: 23 with a decrease in King's Health quality of life score of 24.5 between sessions 1 and 12 (p < 0.001). The decrease in symptom severity score (OABSS) was 16.6 between sessions 1 and 12 (p < 0.001). Significant improvement was observed in all voiding diary parameters. CONCLUSION: In this sample, bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation significantly decreased overactive bladder symptoms and improved quality of life.

Descripción de la Situación Epidemiológica del Cáncer Vesical en Chile durante los años 2016 - 2022 / Description Of The Epidemiological Situation Of Bladder Cancer In Chile During The Years 2016 - 2022

Introducción: El cáncer vesical es una neoplasia maligna común en hombres mayores de 55 años, que se ve propiciada principalmente por el tabaquismo y exposición ambiental ocupacional. Corresponde a la octava causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial y es la decimocuarta causa de muerte en Chile, estando incluído en las Garantías Explícitas en Salud. Dado lo anterior, esta investigación busca recopilar datos y contribuir al conocimiento médico y la salud pública. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo sobre defunciones por tumor maligno de la vejiga urinaria en Chile (a nivel nacional-regional). Datos analizados del DEIS entre 2016-2022. No se requirió consentimiento informado ni revisión ética. Uso de Microsoft Excel para el análisis. Resultados: Durante el periodo estudiado, las defunciones por tumor maligno de la vejiga urinaria en Chile mostraron un aumento en 2018 y una disminución a partir de 2019. La relación entre hombres y mujeres fue de aproximadamente 2:1. Las tasas de mortalidad por región disminuyeron en general, con aumentos en 2022 en regiones como Del Libertador B. O'higgins, Ñuble y Biobío. La región de Antofagasta tuvo la tasa más alta durante todo el periodo. El tipo de tumor más común fue el no especificado, con tasas variables a lo largo del tiempo. Discusión: Este trabajo destaca la importancia de fortalecer las medidas preventivas y terapéuticas del cáncer de vejiga en Chile, en que el tabaquismo y la contaminación minera son factores de riesgo significativos. Se ha determinado, que es común en adultos mayores predominantemente masculinos. Las tasas de mortalidad se han mantenido estáticas en los últimos años. Salvo entre los años 2020-2021, en que se registró una tendencia a la baja. Lo anterior, desprende lo importante de seguir investigando y desarrollando tratamientos efectivos, así protocolos de manejo y prevención.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in men over 55 years of age, which is mainly caused by smoking and environmental occupation. It corresponds to the eighth cause of death from cancer worldwide and is the fourteenth cause of death in Chile, being included in the Explicit Health Guarantees. Given the above, this research seeks to collect data and contribute to medical knowledge and public health. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive observational study on deaths from malignant tumors of the urinary bladder in Chile (at the national-regional level). Data analyzed from the DEIS between 2016-2022. No informed consent or ethical review was required. Use of Microsoft Excel for analysis. Results: Retrospective descriptive observational study on deaths from malignant tumors of the urinary bladder in Chile (at the national-regional level). Data analyzed from the DEIS between 2016-2022. No informed consent or ethical review was required. Use of Microsoft Excel for analysis. Discussion: This work highlights the importance of strengthening preventive and therapeutic measures for bladder cancer in Chile, where smoking and mining contamination are significant risk factors. It has been determined that it is common in predominantly male older adults. Mortality rates have remained static in recent years. Except between the years 2020-2021, in which a downward trend was registered. The foregoing shows the importance of continuing to investigate and develop effective treatments, as well as management and prevention protocols.

Analysis of the rectum and bladder changes in prostate precise radiotherapy under the bowel and bladder preparation / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinically acceptable and reproducible bladder and rectum volumes of prostate cancer patients during radiotherapy under bladder and bowel preparation, aiming to provide quantitative indicators for bowel and bladder preparation before and after radiotherapy.Methods:Clinical data of 275 prostate cancer patients with strict bladder and bowel preparation and completion of whole course radical radiotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from April 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were scanned with cone beam CT (CBCT) before each treatment and the setup error was recorded. Sixty-six patients were selected by simple random sampling and the bladder and rectum on daily CBCT was outlined using MIM software. The relationship between the ratio of daily bladder or rectum volume to the planned bladder or rectum volume (relative value of volume) and setup error was analyzed. Quantitative data were expressed as mean±SD. Normally distributed data were analyzed by paired t-test while non-normally distributed data were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test.Results:The bladder and rectum volume on planning CT were (370.87±110.04) ml and (59.94±25.07) ml of 275 patients. The bladder and rectum volumes on planning CT were (357.51±107.38) ml and (65.28±35.37) ml respectively of the 66 selected patients with 1611 sets of CBCT images. And the bladder and rectum volumes on daily CBCT were (258.96±120.23) ml and (59.95 ± 30.40) ml. The bladder volume of patients was decreased by 3.59 ml per day on average during the treatment and 0.37 ml for the rectum volume. According to the bladder volume on planning CT, all patients were divided into three groups: <250 ml, 250-450 ml and >450 ml groups. The relative value of volume in the 250-450 ml group during the course of radiotherapy was the smallest. And the setup error in the superior and inferior (SI) direction was (0.28±0.24) cm and (0.19±0.17) cm in the left and right (LR) direction, significantly lower than those in the other two groups (both P≤0.027). According to the rectum volume on planning CT, all patients were divided into four groups: <50 ml, 50-<80 ml, 80-120 ml and >120 ml groups. The <50 ml group had the smallest relative value of volume during radiotherapy, and the setup error in the SI direction was (0.26±0.22) cm and (0.24±0.22) cm in the anterior and posterior (AP) direction, significantly smaller than those in the other groups (both P≤0.003). The setup errors in the SI, LR, AP directions of the enrolled 66 patients were (0.30±0.25) cm, (0.20±0.18) cm and (0.28±0.27) cm, respectively. Among them, the relative value of bladder volume in the AP direction was (0.73±0.37) in the setup error <0.3 cm group, which was statistically different from those in the setup error 0.3-0.5 cm and >0.5 cm groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Under the bladder and bowel preparation before planning CT, the appropriate bladder and rectum volumes are in the range of 250-450 ml and <50 ml, which yields higher reproducibility and smaller setup error.

Changes of immune microenvironment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients with positive urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of immune microenvironment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients with positive urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22).Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 86 patients who were diagnosed with bladder cancer in Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2019 to September 2020. All patients were tested for urinary NMP22 by colloidal gold method. The patients with positive test results were NMP22 positive group, and the patients with negative test results were NMP22 negative group. The expression of CD8, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and PanCK were detected by multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical method on the pathological tissue sections of all enrolled patients with bladder cancer after surgery. Follow-up data of enrolled patients were collected after discharge, and univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was performed on the follow-up data.Results:There were 69 patients in the NMP22 positive group and 17 patients in the NMP22 negative group. The percentage of CD8 and PD-L1 positive cells in NMP22 positive group was significantly higher than that in NMP22 negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that tumor stage was correlated with bladder cancer progression ( HR=2.67, P=0.017). Multivariate analysis showed that positive NMP22 was significantly correlated with bladder cancer recurrence and disease progression (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The density of CD8 + T cells and PD-L1 in tumor parenchyma of urinary NMP22 positive bladder cancer patients was higher than that of NMP22 negative patients. Urinary NMP22 positive can be one of the bad prognostic factors of bladder cancer, and the patients with NMP22 positive should strengthen reexamination.

Meta-analysis of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of overactive bladder in adults in the past decade / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of using acupuncture-moxibustion therapy alone to treat adult overactive bladder (OAB) by taking oral Western medication solely as the control, and to provide evidence-based reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of OAB. Methods: A systemic search was conducted through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Statistical descriptions were made using standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence interval (CI), and risk ratio (RR). Results: Eight randomized controlled studies were finally recruited and were analyzed after being grouped according to intervention methods. Regarding urinary symptoms, compared with sole use of oral Western medication, acupuncture plus moxibustion can more effectively reduce 24 h urinary frequency [P=0.01, SMD=-0.57, 95％CI (-1.02, -0.12)], 24 h nocturia frequency [P=0.03, SMD=0.49, 95％CI (0.05, 0.94)], and OAB syndrome score (OABSS) [P<0.001, SMD=-3.67, 95％CI (-4.48, -2.86)]. Acupuncture combined with moxibustion and oral Western medication work equivalently in comparing 24 h urinary urgency frequency [P=0.38, SMD=-0.17, 95％CI (-0.57, 0.22)], 24 h urgent incontinence frequency [P=0.25, SMD=0.26, 95％CI (-0.18, 0.70)], and single voiding volume [P=0.22, SMD=1.15, 95％CI (-0.70, 3.00)]. There were no significant differences between acupuncture/electroacupuncture and oral medication in comparing 24 h urinary frequency [P=0.46, SMD=0.07, 95％CI (-0.12, 0.26)], 24 h urinary urgency frequency [P=0.18, SMD=0.70, 95％CI (-1.71, 0.32)], 24 h nocturia frequency [P=0.46, SMD=-0.71, 95％CI (-2.60, 1.17)], 24 h urgent incontinence frequency [P=0.08, SMD=-0.22, 95％CI (-0.48, 0.03)], single voiding volume [P=0.09, SMD=0.17, 95％CI (-0.02, 0.36)], or OABSS [P=0.96, SMD=-0.07, 95％CI (-2.65, 2.52)]. Compared with oral Western medication, moxibustion can more effectively reduce 24 h urinary frequency [P<0.001, SMD=-6.53, 95％CI (-7.65, -5.44)] and 24 h urinary urgency frequency [P<0.001, SMD=-1.6, 95％CI (-2.85, -0.36)]. In comparing the adverse reaction rate, acupuncture-moxibustion was associated with a lower rate compared with oral medication [P=0.002, RR=0.07, 95％CI (0.01, 0.37)], but the difference was statistically insignificant between acupuncture/electroacupuncture and oral medication [P=0.40, RR=0.57, 95％CI (0.16, 2.12)]. Conclusion: Acupuncture-moxibustion is equivalent to the sole use of oral Western medication in improving urinary symptoms in OAB patients and has a higher safety rating.